Государственная поддержка АПК как фактор мотивации труда аграриев Крыма

В статье рассматривается влияние государственной поддержки АПК на мотивацию работников аграрного сектора. Приводятся аспекты отечественного и зарубежного опыта политики государств в отношении сельскохозяйственных производителей. Предлагаются способы совершенствования системы государственной поддержки АПК Крыма для повышения мотивации труда аграриев.In article is represented the influence of the state's support of the Agro-industry Complex to the workers of agrarian sector, is paid attention to the aspects of the father-lend and foreign experience of the state's politics in accordance with agricultural industry, are recommended the ways of the improvement of the system of the state's support of the Agro-industry Complex of the Crimea for the raising of the agricultural workers' labour

Mechanical stability of trabecular bone morphology as a measure for osteoporosis

A new technique for assessing the mechanical stability of trabecular bone was introduced. This technique uses a full three dimensional reconstruction of a trabecular bone specimen and a finite element model to calculate the local stress distribution within the trabeculae. A little bone was artificially removed in the model at highly loaded locations and the changed stress distributions were determined. The changes in these distributions are indicative for the mechanical stability (change in fracture risk) of the trabecular architecture with respect to small changes in mass. The authors propose that this method can be used to measure the mechanical efficacy of a trabecular architecture in terms of fracture risk, thereby defining osteoporosis in a quantitative wa

Determination of tissue-level strains in trabecular structures with a 3-D digital image correlation technique

Poster 051

Prospects of computer models for the prediction of osteoporotic bone fracture risk

Bone fractures are major problems for osteoporosis patients. To avoid such fractures, more information is needed about the factors that determine the bone fracture risk. In this chapter, it is discussed how recently developed finite element computer models that can represent the trabecular architecture in full detail can provide such information. It is concluded that a computer modeling approach to this problem is feasible, required and promising. It is expected that, eventually, such models can be used as a basis for an accurate diagnosis of the bone fracture risk

A new approach to determine the accuracy of morphology–elasticity relationships in continuum FE analyses of human proximal femur

AbstractContinuum finite element (FE) models of bones are commonly generated based on CT scans. Element material properties in such models are usually derived from bone density values using some empirical relationships. However, many different empirical relationships have been proposed. Most of these will provide isotropic material properties but relationships that can provide a full orthotropic elastic stiffness tensor have been proposed as well. Presently it is not clear which of these relationships best describes the material behavior of bone in continuum models, nor is it clear to what extent anisotropic models can improve upon isotropic models. The best way to determine the accuracy of such relationships for continuum analyses would be by quantifying the accuracy of the calculated stress/strain distribution, but this requires an accurate reference distribution that does not depend on such empirical relationships. In the present study, we propose a novel approach to generate such a reference stress distribution. With this approach, stress results obtained from a micro-FE model of a whole bone, that can represent the bone trabecular architecture in detail, are homogenized and the homogenized stresses are then used as a reference for stress results obtained from continuum models. The goal of the present study was to demonstrate this new approach and to provide examples of comparing continuum models with anisotropic versus isotropic material properties.Continuum models that implemented isotropic and orthotropic material definitions were generated for two proximal femurs for which micro-FE results were available as well, one representing a healthy and the other an osteoporotic femur. It was found that the continuum FE stress distributions calculated for the healthy femur compared well to the homogenized results of the micro-FE although slightly better for the orthotropic model (r=0.83) than for the isotropic model (r=0.79). For the osteoporotic bone also, the orthotropic model did better (r=0.83) than the isotropic model (r=0.77). We propose that this approach will enable a more relevant and accurate validation of different material models than experimental methods used so far